With more than 1,620 genera and 23,600 species of herbs, shrubs, and trees distributed throughout the world, asteraceae is one of the largest plant families. Fitness consequences of floral variation in senecio jacobaea. Some plants of this family are used as food sonic of these are lettuce fsi. Marginal placentation is found in unilocular ovary.
Morphology and localization of the glandular hairs of matricaria chamomilla. In the central part of the cup shaped structure, a female flower is found which matures earlier. Inflorescence, in a flowering plant, a cluster of flowers on a branch or a system of branches. Thirtyone species of were described for the chaptalia.
Asteraceae are the largest family of flowering plants, with over 1600 genera and. Assessment of plant development, morphology and flavonoid. Pentamerous, actinomorphic flowers, bicarpillary ovary with. What popularly passes for a flower in the compositae asteraceae is really an inflorescence with many small, true flowers, such as in helianthus annuus sunflower. Asteraceae the sunflower family asteraceae eudicots. Each such head is ordinarily subtended by an involucre of small modified leaves bracts. It is seen that pollen morphology of some genera in the asteraceae can be useful in supporting taxonomic suggestions clark et. Cassini 1817 was the first researcher to group asteraceae members into 19 tribes based on macromorphological characters such as characters on stems, leaves, and flowers. The caribbean contains a system of islands east of central america with a high number of endemic taxa. Asteraceae compositae mahatma gandhi central university. Sep 08, 2015 a ray flower is a 3lobed, strapshaped, individual flower in the head of the asteraceae family. The most wellknown daisy south africa gave the world, is the barberton daisy gerbera spp. Morphological, anatomical and palynological investigation on. Floral development and evolution of capitulum structure in.
Pollen morphology of eight tribes of asteraceae from. Learn the depth concept by referring to the samacheer kalvi 11th bio botany solutions chapter 4 reproductive morphology questions and answers. The genus echinacea asteraceae has importance economically, medicinally, and ornamentally. Flowers of asteraceae have conspicuous features that are important at the tribal level, such as the branches of the style, pappus, shape of the. Family solanaceae possesses pentamerous, actinomorphic, hypogynous, hermaphrodite, complete flowers, bicarpellary, syncarpous, superior, bilocular ovary with axile placentation and oblique septa. Due to the growth of pedicel, this comes out from the cup shaped structure. Flora of australia, volume 37asteraceae 1 department of. Dec 09, 2020 every chapter available in the samacheer kalvi class 11th bio botany solutions subject is explained clearly in an easy way. Flower morphology and floral sequence in artemisia annua asteraceae 1. Asteraceae plants of the aster or sunflower family previously known as the composite family. In asteraceae, ovary is bicarpellary, suncarpous, inferior, unilocular and fruit is cypsela. Asteraceae assembles multiple flowers into a single, highly compressed structure.
Endemism and taxonomy of chaptalia asteraceae in the. Paula elomaa, yafei zhao, teng zhang, flower heads in asteraceae recruitment of conserved developmental regulators to control the flower like inflorescence architecture, horticulture research, 10. Glandular hair of ligulate flower formed of two basal cells, two peduncle cells and a secretory head composed. Karl3 department of biology, sca 110, university of south florida, tampa, florida 33620 usa interspecific plant hybridization is a common and evolutionarily important phenomenon. Taxonomic discussion on the asteraceae is included under the relevant tribes. The asteraceae flower heads can be homogamous or heterogamous. With more than 1620 genera and 23600 species of herbs, shrubs, and.
Morphology of flowering plants mcqs and answers with free pdf. Compositae, the original name for asteraceae, first. Morphological and functional changes of the floret whorls of mikania urticifolia hook. However, patterning mechanisms underlying its structure remain. The flowers of carlharints linclorhis yield a yellow dye. Flower is defined as highly condensed and modified reproductive shoot. Secretory ducts morphology the secretory ducts showed the same morpholfig. Flowers occur in flower heads 12 cm wide capitula, typical of the asteraceae with both ray and disc flowers approx. Comparative leaf morphology and anatomy of three asteraceae. A schematic diagram of the auxin transport mechanisms in the plant cell. Morphological, anatomical and palynological investigation. The economic value of the representatives of this family can be divided into various categories. The most distinctive feature of asteraceae is their inflorescence structure, the highly compressed inflorescence branch system called the capitulum or flower head, in which all the flowers are attached to a receptacle that is surrounded by involucral.
Jun 16, 2019 on the margin of it, secretory glands are found. Asteraceae is among the largest families of plants with more than 23,000 species that occupy all the continents except antarctica jeffrey, 2007. Pdf the asteraceae is one of the largest families of flowering plants. A large number of members of this family like rag weeds and golden rods cause hay fever.
It is of mediterranean origin, although the flowers. In a pseudanthium, a group of flowers and bracts modified leaves have evolved to mimic a single flower. Enlarged outer peripheral flowers in the capitulum may resemble petals, and the involucral bracts may look like a calyx. The asteraceae are distinctive in being herbs, shrubs, vines, or trees, the inflorescence a head capitulum subtended by an involucre of phyllaries, flowers either bilabiate, disk, or rayligulate heads of many taxa a mixture of central disk flowers and peripheral ray flowers, with the calyx, termed a pappus, modified as scales, awns, or capillary or plumose bristles or absent, the androecium syngenesious, the ovary inferior with a single, basal ovule, the fruit a multiple of achenes. To explore the relationship between morphological differences in florets and the polymorphic fruits and reproductive characteristics, we. An inflorescence is categorized on the basis of the arrangement of flowers on a main axis peduncle and by the timing of its flowering determinate and indeterminate. Morphology of flowering plants biology notes for neet. Tagetes erecta mexican marigold flowers are used for eye diseases, purification of blood and in ulcers. Pdf fl diagrams an aid to understanding flower morphology morphology of flowering plants class 11 notes in pdf reproductive morphology of flowering plants flowers represent the class 11 morphology of flowering plants ncert solutions. Native americans of the central great plains used echinacea as a highly prized medicinal plant panacea. Longitudinal and transversal sections of mature leaf blades. In this thesis, we carried out an investigation into the role of auxin in flower head development and.
Asteraceae flower head capitulum1ccby nicholas zoulias, 2,3 sascha h. The flower head of the asteraceae family is its iconic trait, yet little is known about its development. Worldwide, the asteraceae embraces at least 20,000 species of flowering plants. Assessment of plant development, morphology and flavonoid content in different cultivation treatments of calendula officinalis l. Asteraceae compositae sunflower family 162023,600 worldwide 4483 in al solidago, helianthus, erigeron, aster perhaps the largest plant family cosmopolitan in distribution, especially temperate, open, dry habitats at midlatitudes. The present work tests that hypothesis and attempts to shed light. Hence, an illustrated guide on how to study the morphology, particularly flower morphology, of the asteraceae is provided to help beginners in plant taxonomic or systematic studies.
A head or capitulum, consisting of a few or large number of flowers or florets closely arranged on an axis surrounded by involucral. Glandular hairs and secretory ducts of matricaria chamomilla. Asteraceae, eupatorieae in relation to pollination and the role of floral visitors have been observed in two argentine localities. Duttke, 3,4 helena garces, victoria spencer, and minsung kim 5,6 faculty of biology, medicine and health, universityof manchester, oxford road, manchester m 9pt uk. Sep, 2011 the relationships among the floral morphologies, breeding system and pollination insects in nine carthamus tinctorius l. Morphology of flowering plants family asteraceae or. Apr 25, 2018 there are several types of capitulum in the asteraceae due to different combinations of florets varying in corolla shape and stamen development. Morphology of flowering plants biology notes for neetaiims. A pseudanthium false flower is one of the most successful traits that has recurred throughout the evolution of angiosperms harris, 1999. Delayed hypersensitivity reactions to the asteraceae compositae can arise from sesquiterpene lactones. The flowers of cluysamhemum l op jf are grounded to produce a powder. Samacheer kalvi 11th bio botany solutions chapter 4. Heteracia szovitsii asteraceae is a common ephemeral annual species occurring only in desert regions of northern xinjiang in china, with shortlived florets and achenes within a single infructescence capitulum having three different morphs.
Asteraceae family regarding the wound healing effect. In asteraceae family the inflorescence is capitylum. The most obvious and outstanding general feature of asteraceae is that the flowers are grouped characteristically into compact inflorescences heads that superficially resemble individual flowers. Flower head development in the asteraceae family nicholas. Ray flowers form a fringe of radiating irregular, asymmetrical flowers on the edge of the head. To differentiate between the complete and incomplete flowers and between perfect and imperfect flowers. Endemic to north america, distribution is centered in the states of arkansas, kansas, missouri, and oklahoma.
After induction of flowering, the early ontogeny of the head is characterized by rapid expansion of the inflorescence meristem receptacle, while later the meristematic area gradually shrinks and is fully consumed by emerging flower primordia 10,11. The asteraceae are distinctive in being herbs, shrubs, vines, or trees, the inflorescence a head capitulum subtended by an involucre of phyllaries, flowers either bilabiate, disk, or rayligulate heads of many taxa a mixture of central disk flowers and peripheral ray flowers, with the calyx, termed a pappus, modified as scales, awns, or capillary or plumose bristles or absent, the androecium syngenesious, the ovary. The floral ontogeny of ten brazilian weed species of asteraceae was performed for conyza bonariensis l. To differentiate between simple pistil and compound pistil. The most distinctive feature of asteraceae is their inflorescence structure, the highly compressed inflorescence branch system called the capitulum or flower.
Understanding the fundamentals of the flower head development will help construe the evolution of one of the most successful plant families. Flowers of asteraceae have conspicuous features that are important at the tribal level, such as the branches of the style, pappus, shape of the corolla, and anthers. In homogamous heads all the flowers are similar, whereas in heterogamous heads, flowers in the margins of the head are morphologically and functionally distinct from the centrally located flowers figure 10. Heteromorphism of florets and reproductive characteristics. The objective of this paper was to describe and compare the morphology and anatomy of mature leaves of mikania glomerata spreng. The role of auxin in the pattern formation of the asteraceae. Furthermore, in more than half the members of the family, the flowers in.
Leaf margins vary from toothed especially on lower leaves, to entire, to pinnately lobed especially on upper leaves. Many authors suggest that the presence of ray flowers in the asteraceae is an adaptation to make the heads more attractive to pollinators stuessy et al. Morphology, anatomy, and taxonomic relationships of. Cerana 2004 also studied the floral morphology of genus mikania of the asteraceae family, describing the presence of nectary bulbs in the basal part of the flower, as is clearly visible in.
Capitulum is a pseudanthium, a false flower that superficially mimics a single flower but is a highly aggregated structure comprised of multiple. In brassicaceae, ovary is bicarpellary, syncarpous, superior. Did you know that the edelweiss leontopodium alpinum that acquired fame in the musical the sound of music, belongs to the family asteraceae. Pdf genetics and morphology in a borrichia frutescens. Characteristic features and economic importance of family. Compositae the uniqueness of the aster or sunflower family is that what first seems to be a single large flower is actually a composite of many smaller flowers. Characteristic features and economic importance of family compositae or asteraceae. Some of those taxa, such as the genus chaptalia asteraceae are taxonomically complex. The corolla of the ray flower may have 2 tiny teeth opposite the 3 lobed strap, or tongue. They are surrounded by involucral bracts, and when viewed from a distance, each capitulum may appear to be a single flower. The marginal flowers of the heterogamous heads can be sterile or female and they have showy petals with. The effect of floral morphology on seed set in carthamus. Aug 18, 2016 flowers of asteraceae have conspicuous features that are important at the tribal level, such as the branches of the style, pappus, shape of the corolla, and anthers.
No significant differences in seed setting rate were observed among the clones following unbagged treatment, but significant differences in seed setting rate were observed among the clones following bagged. Look closely at a sunflower in bloom, and you can see that there are hundreds of little. Pdf asteraceae, also called compositae, is one of the largest. It is of mediterranean origin, although the flowers are widely appreciated. Jul 01, 2018 inflorescences in the asteraceae plant family, flower heads, or capitula, mimic single flowers but are highly compressed structures composed of multiple flowers. Asteraceae family plants have been found to possess diverse biological effects referring to in vivo and in vitro researches conducted.
Flower heads in asteraceaerecruitment of conserved. This structure is derived from the calyx of floret carlquist, 1976. Asteraceae flower heads combine multiple flowers attached on a single receptacle fig. The most common pseudanthium is the capitulum of the asteraceae daisy, sunflower family. Flower morphology and pollination in mikania asteraceae. Wetzstein hy1, porter ja1, janick j2, ferreira jf3.
The present study examines some of the ecological factors that might exert selection on floral morphology in senecio jacobaea, a selfsterile composi. The composite inflorescence, capitulum, or flower head in. Mcq questions on morphology of flowering plants ncert books. Nearly all asteraceae bear their flowers in dense flower heads called capitula. Previous studies have shown that the formation of ray florets on a radiate capitulum may be related to the parallel cooption of cyc2like genes among independent asteraceae lineages. Review articles the medicinal value of asteraceae family. Two types of florets ie disc floret in the centeral part and ray floret towards the peripheral part are. Flower morphology and floral sequence in artemisia annua. The paste of flowers is applied topically on cuts and wounds india sharma et al.
Female flowers are surrounded by small male flowers. Characters, distribution and types biology discussion. The most well known food product of the family is certainly sunflower oil and kernels. Apr 09, 2019 pdf fl diagrams an aid to understanding flower morphology morphology of flowering plants class 11 notes in pdf reproductive morphology of flowering plants flowers represent the class 11 morphology of flowering plants ncert solutions.
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